Fort Wayne and Indiana's Link To Stonehenge

When you think of Stonehenge, you think of the stones, right?  So, what about the "henge" part?

Surrounding Stonehenge is a henge earthwork.  A henge is a circular earthwork with an interior ditch and exterior wall with a gateway aligned to a solar event.  Stonehenge is aligned to the summer solstice sunrise.

The symbolism and function of Stonehenge are important aspects when comparing the henge groups in southern England and Indiana.  The gateway is aligned so that a heel stone in the avenue will throw the the sun's shadow directly into the center of the U shaped trilithons.  The U shaped trilithons represents the vulva of the Earth Mother that is impregnated by the Sun Father.

Henge in England constructed by the Amorite Beaker People.  Soon after their arrival in England (2500 B.C.) the Amorites stopped erecting stone circles within the henges, they were replaced by earthen mounds in the center of the inner platform.

   Henges are common in northern Europe, the Britsh Isles and the Ohio Valley.  They were constructed by whom the archaeologists call the 'Beaker People," and who Biblical scholars call the Amorites. The Amorites were known for their great size. According to the Book of Jubilees (xxix. [9] 11), "the former terrible giants, the Rephaim, gave way to the Amorites.

Small henge with a burial mound within the center located near the larger Stonehenge.

Mounds State Park,in Anderson, Indiana map showing the solar aligment that centered on the cetral burial mound of the large henge.  The mound marked the solar alignents of the summer and winter solstices for over 2,000 years before being completley destoyed by Indiana University archaeologists. 
Mounds State Parks south group of henges is the exeption to the rule that dictates the gateway of the henge be aligned to a solar event.  The gateway of the large henge is to the rising of the bright  star Fomalhaut. Fromalhaut is in the constellation of Pisces (the fish).

Note that the earthwork designated "F' at Mounds State Park was made to represent two intersecting circles making a vesica pisca in the center. This symbol was also symbolic of the female vulva. At Mounds State Park the alignment from the mound in the center of the largest henge to vesica shaped work is to the Winter Solstice sunrise. This is when the sun is at its lowest in the sky and it ae the  three days shortest days.  On the third day the sun moves back to the north, it is on this day that the Sun God is born.

Henge group at Cambridge City, Indiana.  The nortern henge is aligned to the summer solstice sunrise. On the winter solstice sunset, the sun will again align with the gateway.  The southern henge is aligned to the equinox sunrise and sunset.

This is what the southern henge looked like a few years ago.  The deep ditches and central platform still visible. The henge was recently completely covered with dirt by the landowner.  Indiana has made no effort to preserve this ancient treasure.

Another henge is located near Yorktown, Indiana.  The landowner is commited to  not letting university archaeologists damge this site as they have others in the State.

Henge site north of New Castle, Indiana.  6 of the henges and two mounds mounds are still visible in this public park. The site has been heavily damaged by Ball State archaeologists.
Mound #4 was contructed like that at Mounds State Park to represent the vesica or vessel of the fish.

Earthwork henge complex near Stonehenge. Like New Castle and Mounds State Park it has one large henge surrounded by smaller henges.  There also vesica shaped works in the group.

A single henge aligned to the summer solstice sunrise is located in the city of New Castle, Indiana.  It the same size of the henge in Allen County.

What archaeologists are calling the Adams earthwork was discovered or rediscovered by me in 2001. According to archaeologists rules they don't have to cite works from people they consider amateurs. Photo is looking into the gateway that is aligned to the May 1 sunrise.The inner ditch can be seen in the background and foreground. The outer wall was obliterated by farming.

Photo of the Allen County, henge site. Gateway is on the left, with the remains of the deep ditch that surrounded the circular inner platform visible to the right.  From a pipe that was found at this site it dates from 200 B.C. to 200 A.D. and was constructed by the Point Peninsula Iroquois. The Point Peninsula Iroquois were copying many of the burial mound and earthwork types that were being constructed by the Beaker People in southern Ohio and central Indiana.

  
   
    
  

Ohio Mound Builders Indian Trails Map

Ancient American Indian Trails on Watersheds of Ohio
Mound builder trails

Map showing the locations of the Ohio Mound Builders Ancient Indian Trails

Some of these remains are undoubtedly of no later age than the Indians whom the first whites knew; many of them are of far earlier times. It is now held by the most prominent archæologists that there are works of the mound-building Indians which do not date back far from the time Columbus discovered America. Thus any work which gives evidence of having been in existence five hundred years may belong to the mound-building era. And throughout all these five hundred years there is hardly a time when there is not evidence of Indian occupation. So the line between the mound-building Indians and the later Indians, among whom the building of mounds was a lost art, is exceedingly hard to draw.

These quotations give some evidence that the mound builders of our earliest archæological works were well acquainted with the high grounds. It is not apparent now that in any signal instance there exists evidence of a reliable character that any watershed was a highway; all we are seeking to show now is the very general fact that these people lived and moved and had their being often far inland on the heads of the little streams which never in historic times have served the purpose of navigation, and that here many of their works are found on the high grounds where it is sure all previous races have made their roads.

Archaeological Map of Illinois and Indiana Mound Builders

Archaeological Map of Illinois and Indiana Mound Builders

For Directions to 85 burial mound and earthwork sites in Indiana

                                   Best Travel Guide to the Mound Builders

Archaeology Map of the Mound Builders Works in Ohio

Archaeology Map of The Mound Builders Works in Ohio

Coming down to a smaller scope of territory, can it be shown that in the case of any one state the early Indian mound builders occupied the portions most heavily populated today? It has been said that, in Ohio, four counties contain evidence of having been the scenes of special activity on the part of the earliest inhabitants: Butler, Licking, Ross, and Franklin. These are interior counties (at a distance from the Ohio and Lake Erie) and, of the remaining sixty-three interior counties in the state, only seven exceeded these four in population in 1880—when the cities had not so largely robbed the country districts of their population as now. Thus the aborigines seem to have been busiest where we have been busiest in the last half of the nineteenth century.

                 Map showing the location of the mound builders works in ohio

Over 200 Burial Mound and Earthwork Sites Photographed and Directions Listed

Wisconsin Native American Mound Builders Archaeology Map

Wisconsin Native American Mound Builders Archaeology Map

In Wisconsin the early Native American mound-building Indians labored most in the southern part of the state, where the bulk of that state’s population is today—seventy-five per cent being found in the southern (and smaller) half of the state.

Distribution and Population of the The Mound Building Indians

DISTRIBUTION and POPULATION OF THE MOUND-BUILDING INDIANS

The Indian mounds of these first Americans of which we know are found between Oregon and the Wyoming valley, in Pennsylvania, and Onondaga county in New York; they extend from Manitoba in Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.

The great seat of empire was in the drainage area of the Mississippi river; on this river and its tributaries were the heaviest mound-building populations. Few mounds are found east of the Alleghany mountains.

In the Catalogue of Prehistoric Works East of the Rocky Mountains, issued by the Bureau of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution,  the geographical extent and density of the Indian mounds in central North America is brought out state by state with striking suggestiveness. While the layman is[] warned that these maps “present some features which are calculated to mislead,” and that the maps indicate “to some extent the more thoroughly explored areas rather than the true proportion of the ancient works in the different sections,” still some conclusions have already been reached which future exploitation will never weaken.

It is not expected that future investigation will change the verdict that the heaviest mound-building population found its seat near the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. “There is little doubt,” writes Dr. Thomas, “that when Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia have been thoroughly explored many localities will be added to those indicated ... but it is not likely that the number will be found to equal those in the area drained by the Ohio and its affluents or in the immediate valley of the Mississippi.”

This fact, that the heaviest populations of the mound-building Indians seem to have been near the Mississippi and Ohio is, of course, shown by the archæological maps. In a rough way, subject to the limitations previously mentioned, it can be found that the following fourteen states contain evidences of having held the heaviest ancient populations:

Ohio, Wisconsin, Tennessee, Illinois, Florida, New York, Kentucky, Indiana,

Michigan, Georgia and Arkansas, Missouri and  North Carolina, Minnesota, Iowa, Pennsylvania.

Now, by our last census the states which contain the largest population today are:

New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Texas, Missouri, Massachusetts,

Indiana, Michigan, Iowa, Georgia, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Tennessee.

Thus of the fourteen most thickly populated states today perhaps twelve give fair evidence of having been most thickly popug ]lated in prehistoric times. As a general rule (but one growing less reliable every day) the heaviest population has always been found in the best agricultural regions; the states having the largest number of fertile acres have had, as a rule, the largest populations—or did have until the cities grew as they have in the past generation.

Ohio Mounds and Sacred Geometry: Curious Alignments

Hopewell Mounds Sacred Geometry

  The Hopewell Indian mound builders in the Ohio Valley used sacred geometry to construct their earthworks. This was based on both mathematical and sacred symbolism. Within the measurements of the mound builders works have been found the knowledge of pi and square roots that were used within the context of Sacred Geometry that is identical to Old World examples, coincidence?

Native American, Iroquois Mound Builders of Northern Indiana and Michigan

Native American, Iroquois Mound Builders of Northern Indiana and Michigan

Discover Ancient American

Take an unprecedented view of ancient Indiana and Michigans Iroquois Indian mound, burial grounds and earthworks in Northern Indiana and southern Michigan.  Many if these sites have been and are still being desecrated by University archaeologists. Indiana and Michigan Historical Societies refuse to acknowledge these as historic sites.  Instead, they fund  the university archaeologists to desecrate these Native American burial grounds that are American Treasures. Directions to all these Native Ancient American sites are listed in "The Nephilim Chronicles: A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley."

         Your Travel Guide to the Native American Burial Grounds in Indiana and Michigan

The Great Serpent Mound and the Mound Builders of Adams County, Ohio

Old Postcard showing the Great Serpent Mound in Adams County, Ohio

Adams County

Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, 1848

Probably the most extraordinary earthwork thus far discovered at the West is the Great Serpent mound, of which a faithful delineation is given in the accompanying plan. It is situated on Brush creek, at a point known as "Three Forks," on entry near the north line of Adams County, Ohio. No plan or description has hitherto been published; nor does the fact of its existence appear to have been known beyond the secluded vicinity in which it occurs. The notice first received by the authors of these researchers was exceedingly vague and indefinite, and led to the conclusion that it was a work of defense, with bastions at regular intervals—a feature so extraordinary as to induce a visit, which resulted in the discovery here presented. The true character of the work was apparent on the first inspection. It is situated upon a high, crescent-form hill or spur of land, rising one hundred and fifty feet above the level of Brush creek, which washes its base. The side of the hill next the stream presents a perpendicular wall of rock, while the other slopes rapidly, though it is not so steep as to preclude cultivation. The top of the hill is not level but slightly convex, and presents a very even surface, one hundred and fifty feet wide by one thousand long, measuring from its extremity to the point where it connects with the table land. Conforming to the curve of the hill, and occupying its very summit, is the serpent, its head resting near the point, and its body winding back for seven hundred feet, in graceful undulation, terminating in a triple coil at the tail. The entire length, if extended, would be not less than one thousand feet. The accompanying plan, laid down from accurate survey, can alone give an adequate conception of the outline of the work, which is clearly and boldly defined, the embankment being upwards of five feet in height by thirty feet base, at the center of the body, but diminishing somewhat towards the head and tail. The neck of the serpent is stretched out and slightly curved, and its mouth is opened wide as if in the act of swallowing or ejecting an oval figure, which rest partially within the distended jaws. This oval is formed by an embankment of earth, without any perceptible opening, four feet in height, and is perfectly regular in outline, its transverse and conjugate diameters being one hundred and sixty and eighty feet respectively. 

 The ground within the oval is slightly elevated: a small circular elevation of large stones much burned once existed in its center; but they have been thrown down and scattered by some ignorant visitor, under the prevailing impression probably that gold was hidden beneath them. The point of the hill, within which this egg-shaped figure rest, seems to have been artificially cut to conform to its outline, leaving a smooth platform, ten feet wide, and somewhat inclining inwards, all around it. The section A B will illustrate this feature. Upon either side of the serpent's head extend two small triangular elevations, ten or twelve feet over. They are not high, and although too distinct to be overlooked, are yet too much obliterated to be satisfactorily traced. Besides a platform, or level oval terrace, at B, and large mound in the center of the isthmus connecting the hill with the table land beyond, there are no other remains, excepting a few mounds, within six or eight miles—none, perhaps, nearer than the entrenched hill in Highland county, thirteen miles distant. There are a number of works lower down on Brush creek, towards it mouth; but their character is not known. The point on which this effigy occurs commands an extensive prospect, overlooking the "bottoms" found at the junction of the three principal tributaries of the creek. The alluvial terraces are here quite extensive, and it is a matter of surprise that no works occur upon them.

The serpent, separate or in combination with the circle, egg, or globe has been a predominate symbol among many primitive nations. It prevailed in Egypt, Greece, and Assyria, and entered widely into the superstitions of the Celts, the Hindu, and the Chinese. It even penetrated into America; and was conspicuous in the mythology of the ancient Mexicans, among whom its significance does not seem to have differed materially from that which it possessed in the old world. The fact that the ancient Celts, and perhaps other nations of the old continent, erected sacred structures in the form of the serpent, are one of high interest. Of this description was the great temple of Avebury, in England—in many respects the most imposing ancient monument of the British Islands.

Britain's largest henge at Avebury measuring 1250 in diameter. It is England's largest henge, that was accompanied with a serpentine sacred via of standing stones. The largest henge in the Ohio Valley, is the henge at Newark, also 1250 feet in diameter. Early historians, noted the similarities of Avebury with the works at Portsmouth, Ohio.

The Great Serpent Mound is best viewed from a tower that is accessible at the park. This photo looks west toward the serpent’s head swallowing the egg; that is symbolic of the sun. Many of the Allegewi henges are aligned to solar events, as is the Serpent which is aligned to the summer solstice sunset. William Romain revealed in Mysteries of the Hopewell, Astronomers, Geometers and Magicians of the Eastern Woodlands, 2000; that each of the curves in the snake’s body is aligned to the moon's maximum and minimum sets and rises in it's 18-year cycle. This Serpent is the best example of the Allegewi’s reverence for the number three. The Serpents head is pointed to the three forks of Brush Creek. The Serpent has three bends in its body, and the tail circles three times. Nearby, at the Ft. Hill earthwork, there are thirty-three gateways that interrupt the serpentine walls.

This is one of several mounds near the Serpent effigy mound that has been determined to be Allegewi by the artifacts found within the mound.

Allegewi skeleton uncovered three feet below the surface of the Ohio mound. Diggers removed the bones below the knees before the skeleton was uncovered.

The Great Serpent mound is a short distance from Fort Hill and can be reached by going south on State Road 41 to State Road 73 west about 5 miles to the Serpent effigy. The site is closed during the winter months and does not open until April. A charge of seven dollars a car is charged Wednesday through Sunday from Memorial Day to Labor Day. The Serpent Mound is one of the few sites in Ohio that is maintained and can be viewed during the summer.

History of Adams County, Ohio, 1900

About one-half mile north of Winchester is a fine mound and three circles, the walls of which were when first discovered about five feet high. These circles are about 150 feet in diameter. At the crossing of Seventh and Broadway in the town of Manchester stood a most beautiful Indian mound twenty-five feet high and perfect as a cone. It is said the Ellison heirs who owned the land had this beautiful tumulus dug down and carted away.

The Winchester Indian mound is located several miles north of Winchester on the west side of State Road 136. There was no evidence of the accompanying earthworks.

This small Indian mound is located one mile east of Manchester, Ohio, overlooking the Ohio River. Turn into the boat launch off of State Road 52 one mile east of Manchester. The mound is on the east side of the parking lot.

Exert from "The Nephilim Chronicles; A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley."

Archaeologists Corrected on Position of the Liberty Works in Ross County, Ohio

Map from "The Nephilim Chronicles: A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley," shows the position of some of the largest geometric earthworks constructed by the Hopewell Sioux in the Ohio Valley. None of these were preserved, even Mound City is a reconstruction.
What little was left has been destroyed by archaeologsts.  The Liberty Works is the last earthwork of the group along the Scioto River.

 Just what the archaeologists have been digging in to the last 30 years at the Liberty Works, south of Chillicothe, in Ross County, Ohio, has alluded them to this day.  The Liberty Works was a large, geometric shaped earthwork that consisted of a large circle, 1720 feet in diameter along with and attached square and circular work. It was constructed between 200 B.C. - 200 A. D. by the Hopewell Sioux.  It was just recently that the archaeologists realized that the Squire and Davis map of the Liberty Works, , done in 1848 and published  in, "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley." was printed backwards. Recent archaeological appears point out this error, and have now flipped the map into its correct position, or did they?
   For the record this is the correct position of the Liberty works located to the southeast of Chillicothe, Ohio.

The original map of the Liberty Works was done by Squire and Davis is 1848 in "Ancient Monuments of the Ohio Valley."  The plate was published backward, which was undetected until archaeologists corrected the map recently. The dimensions of the works included a small circle that was 800 feet in diameter, a large circle 1720 feet in diameter and a square that was 1080 feet per side.

Picture of the large burial mound within the 1720 foot circle.  

Moorehead and his gang digging and destroying what had been called the Harness Mound

After numerous excavations, archaeologists realized that the road depicted on the Squire and Davis Map was going the wrong direction.  The earthwork is located to the southeast of Chillicothe as the corrected map depicts.  But it is still wrong!

This is the corrected archaeological map of the Liberty Works.  The square work is located southwest of the road.  Why wouldn't the archaeologists use aerials to at least have clue of what they were digging in to???  Such zeal to dig, but so little understanding of what they are digging into.
While there are papers on the  mound, there is nothing about what the earthwork symbolized.
The square represents the Earth Mother.  We know this by the measurement of the sides of 1080 feet and where else this number occurs in the Ohio valley works.  The smaller circle represents the Sun Father.  It is believed from the study of Sioux religion that the large circle represents "The totality of the people."  The diameter of the circle at 1720 feet is also expressed as 215 X 8 = 1720.  The length of 215 occurs at Mounds State Park's vesica shaped earthwork and within a similar shaped work at New Castle Indiana that is also 215 feet.  The vesica pisca shape has been symbolic of the Earth Mother.  The use of the number 8 has been the number interpreted as "new beginning." in nearly all of the ancient religions.
   An interpretation of the symbolism of the earthwork would be the "Rebirth of Mother Nature." There is also Solar deity aspects contained within the lengths and geometric shapes within the Work.

Aerial photo of the Liberty Works clearly shows that the square is on the western side of the road.  I also discovered a "graded " or "sacred via"emanating from the northwest corner of the work,  that was not depicted in Squire and Davis's original survey.  The angle of the "sacred via" appears to be aligned to the Summer Solstice sunset.  The rounded corners on the northwest part of the square are similar to those at the Hopeton works.  The smaller circle is slightly perceptible on the eastern side of the road.

Here is an archaeological investigation of the Liberty Work that was done in 2005. A map is featured on the page that shows the position of three large earthworks along the Scioto, south of the Paint Creek confluence.  The map shown of the Liberty Work is the archaeologists "revised" map.  Still ain't right.  
Who knows how much money was received in grants for this project? Wherever they thought they were digging, they were not.  What ever conclusions were drawn from this are invalid, as are all of the other digs done in the last 40 years by the Ohio Historical Society.  


Link to the Ohio Archaeologists Map and Dig at the Liberty Works

Hopewell Sioux Mound Builders Earthworks Discovered in Chillicothe, Ohio

Ancient American, Sioux Mound Builders Earthworks Discovered in Chillicothe, Ohio

A Hopewell Sioux Earthwork has been discovered in Chillicothe, Ohio.  The earthworks was one of four that were all 250 feet in diameter.  Henges of 250 were generally aligned to the the Equinox sunrise.

Henge group located of a terrace of a hill above Water Street in downtown Chillicothe, Ohio. A thorough  investigation of the city has yet to be done, but it is believed that there are more remnants of earthworks in the City.

Remnant of one of the small 250 foot diameter henges is still visible in this lawn overlooking Water Street.

Another group of Hopewell Sioux henges located in Chillicothe, Ohio that were 250 feet in diameter. This group has not been located, but may still be visible.  Many other works around Chillicothe were also 250 feet.  Certain evidence that the Ancient American Mound Builders were using mathematics to construct the many works in this area.

Article is from "The Nephilim Chronicles: A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley."