Ohio Burial Mound and Earthwork Bus Tour

Ohio Mound Tour, December 2016

  Ohio Burial Mound and Earthwork Bus Tour

    I recently saw that the Archaeological Conservancy was offering a bus tour that seemed a bit costly for what you actually got to see. Their tour and daily schedule and price charged.
  
Archaeological Conservancy Mound Tour

$1,095 per person - extra 275 single rate

Conservancy Tour -
Day - 1  Leaving Columbus, Ohio -Sun Watch Village, Fort Ancient Earthwork, Miamisburg Mound, 
Day -2 Fort Salem Earthworks, Serpent Mound, Mound City,
Day -3 Newark

My tour is basically from Columbus, Ohio to Cincinnati to Chillicothe to Newark stopping at 15 sites. Price with hotel would be about 600 for 3 days and if a few sites were eliminated and went two days, around 400.
Most likely would eliminate Newark for day three.

Zimmerman Tour - Day -1

Yellow Springs

We will go from the "upper world"

to the "lower world"
Yellow Springs includes both Yellow and Blood Springs and a burial mound.

Cedarville

Pollock Earthwork

Williamson Mound

Waterfall

Miamisburg

Carlisle Hilltop Earthwork

Serpentine gateway 

Rentschler Serpent

Shawnee Park

Adena Hilltop Earthwork

Day 2

Serpent Mound

Fort Hill

Bainbridge Mound

Seip Mound

Mound City

Liestville Mound

Tarleton cross

Day 3

Newark Ohio Earthworks

Osage Hopewell Star Chart. The Key to the Hopewell Earthworks in the Ohio Valley.

Osage Hopewell Star Chart.  The Key to the Hopewell Earthworks in the Ohio Valley.

    None of the younger Osage men knew about these matters and the author was urged not to speak to them on this subject. He observed that several of the elder men, members of the secret order in which these traditions are preserved, had parts of the accompanying symbolic chart (Fig. 389) tattooed on their throats and chests. This chart is a facsimile of one that was drawn for the author by Hada-ɔüʇse. At the top we see a tree near a river. 

This is evidence of the importance of the sun and stars of the Dakota Sioux tribes who once resided in the Ohio Valley and built many of the earthworks aligned to different stars and solar events of the equinoxes and solstices. 

Adams County, Ohio's Ancient Mounds and Earthworks

ADAMS COUNTY, OHIO'S ANCIENT MOUNDS AND EARTHWORKS 

Ohio historic map shows the locations of the mounds and earthworks in Adams County, Ohio

     The great "Serpent Mound" of Adams County is in many respects the most remarkable of

  Ohio's prehistoric monuments, and ranks among the greatest of the world's so-called effigy 
mounds. It is located in northern Bratton township and occupies an eminence which 

temiinates in a sheer precipice towering nearly 100 feet above the bed of Brush Creek.

 The Serpent  proper is 1,254 feet in length, meandering along the convolutions,

 with a height of nearly 5 feet. There are three principal convolutions of the body, giving 

a very realistic  undulating effect, While the tail is coiled twice around. The head is

 somewhat coventional,being triangular in shape, with the anterior side of the triangle

 concaved to form the  mouth. Before the mouth is an Oval figure 120 feet long and 60

 feet wide which the serpent apparently is about to swallow. See all of Ohios largest burial 

mounds here https://youtu.be/H5NN9nNRQKg




Near Winchester, Ohio is a large burial mound that was once part of an 

earthwork   complex that included three circular works, each 150 feet in

 diameter.

Adams county is rich in mounds and earthworks of the aboriginal peoples of Ohio, 

particularly along Brush creek and its tributaries and along the Ohio river. Several 

pictographs,    mostly in the form of human footprints cut in the exposed rock surfaces, 

are to be seen along the Ohio river, near the mouth of Stout's run, in Green township. 

A Visual Tour of Ohio's Giants Tombs

A Visual Tour of Ohio's Giants Tombs

   Take a tour of the remaining burial mounds in Ohio that once contained giant human skeletons.  Hundreds of Nephilim skeletons were reported in Ohio histories.  These are the mounds that survived the digs to remain as testaments to the Nephilim who once roamed and lived in the land we now call Ohio.

Photos of the Nephilim Giants tombs were taken from "The NephilimChronicles: A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley."

This Is The COMPLETE Guide That Includes All The Sites That The Ohio Historical Society Deemed "Address Restricted"

Ohio Adena Hopewell Burial Mound Map

Ohio Adena, Hopewell Burial Mound and Earthwork Map

This is a partial map of the general location of many of the Adena Hopewell mound and earthworks.
This was originally made for "The Nephilim Chronicles: A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley," but I thought it was a little "busy" and I was having trouble finding a spot to put all of the sites.

The Most Comprehensive Guide to the Adena, Hopewell Mounds-222 Sites

History of the Shrum Mound Located in the City Limits of Columbus, Ohio

History of the Shrum Mound Located in the City Limits of Columbus, Ohio

Franklin County

History of the City of Columbus, 1892

It is on the Shrum Farm, and quite near the Dublin Pike. Although much overgrown with brush and trees, it is in a fair state of preservation, and has never been explored. The location is such as to justify the assumption that it could well have been used as a signal station.

Shrum Burial mound located in the city limits of Columbus, Ohio in Franklin County.

300 Foot Stone Circle With Interior Burial Mounds Reported at the Newark Ohio, Earthworks

300 Foot Stone Circle With Interior Burial Mounds Reported at the Newark Ohio, Earthworks

North of the Newark, Ohio henge was discovered a large 300-foot cobblestone circle that surrounded large burial mounds. It's the closest counterpart is the Mayburgh Henge In England, that was also constructed from thousands of river cobblestones.

      A curious group of mounds that attracted the attention and wonder of the pioneers, were unfortunately destroyed by the building of the Central Ohio railroad. They were not far from the Old Fort and stood just at the foot of Cherry Valley, and a little east of the Ohio canal, where the above-mentioned railroad crosses it. Three of these mounds stood in a line north and south; the fourth was a little east and between the two northern ones. They were all joined together at the base. In the destruction of this remarkable group of mounds, many interesting relics and facts were unearthed that appear worth preservation. The mound farthest south was included in the embankment of the Central Ohio railroad and was first destroyed. The other three were greatly injured by the earth being taken to make the railroad embankment. The northern mound was the largest and was about twenty feet high. This was finally leveled to form a site for a rolling mill. The upper eight feet of this mound was composed almost entirely of black loam, which appeared in layers. 
      A hole near the center was observed to continue down very near to the bottom of the mound. In some places this was filled with sand, differing from the earth around it. In the lower eight feet of the mound, quite a number of these perpendicular holes were observed. About one half of the lower portion of the mound was made of layers of blue clay; then there was a layer of sand, followed by- one of cobblestone, which appeared to be immediately over a strong burning. This layer of stone was about five feet from the base. In the middle mound, the layer of cobblestone was about eight feet from the base, was in the center of the mound, sixteen inches thick, and extended all over it, thinning out toward the edges. The cobblestone, in all places, seemed to be put on immediately over the burning, none of the stones having the marks of fire, except those coming in contact with the burnt earth. The heat of the fire must have been intense, for the small stones in places were quite friable, and in places strongly marked with oxide of iron. This iron appearance led many to think that iron tools might have been placed there and rusted out.
    In the fourth mound, the cobblestones were placed over burnings and on a level with the surrounding surface and covered with creek sand. The blue clay in the northern mound must have been brought from a distance, there being none near like it. About three feet below the surrounding surface of the earth, and near the bottom of the large mound, the workmen, in digging the pit for the flywheel, found several pieces of bones and a part of the lower jaw of a human being with one tooth yet remaining in it All the bones gave evidence of great age, and were in small pieces. The cobblestone layers in these mounds and the post holes are unusual features. Could the latter have been for a framework, from which to suspend victims for sacrifice? 
   Surrounding this entire group of mounds was a cobblestone way, about eight feet wide. This is yet plainly to be seen north of the railroad, but the remainder has been destroyed. This oblong circle of stone must have been one hundred yards in its north and south diameter, and sixty-six yards east and west. Within sight of this group of mounds were originally about one dozen. Many of these have been destroyed. The digging of the pit for the fly-wheel revealed, the lower portion of this mound, better than examination heretofore made, and showed plainly that human beings had been buried at least four feet beneath the surrounding surface of the earth. During the excavating process, the place was visited by many citizens, and gentlemen from a distance, and much interest taken. The greater portion of these mounds being composed of sand and loam may account for the paucity of bones found in them. The best-preserved skeletons are found where the ground is mostly clay. 

Three Adena Mounds in Waverly, Ohio Positioned in a Perfect Triangle

Ohio Historical and Archaeological  Publication, 1900   
   As the mounds had all been located upon the map along this valley the party moved to Waverly. Mr. McKenzie, who owns a group of three mounds just south of the town, gave permission for explorations. The large mound of the group, lying near the Norfolk and Western railroad tracks, is shown in Figure XX.
     “The mounds owned by Mr. McKenzie are upon the second terrace of the Scioto. Two of them are small. The three form a triangle thus: 

Three mounds together are the most common number of the Adena mound builders.  Many of these were placed together to form a perfect triangle

 “July 16. We located upon the group mentioned, While the men prepared for work I located ten or twelve stone graves upon Mr. A. Lee’s farm south of the town.  “The small mound is forty feet in diameter and three feet high. We dug out its center, sixteen by ten by eight feet. (See A in plan above.) It was built of rich, dark earth. In the center was a skeleton on the bottom, headed northwest and extended. It was finely preserved. Bone beads were about the neck. (See Figure XXII. This plate, devoted entirely to finds in and around Waverly, need not be described in the text. The explanation in detail, opposite the figure, will give the locality of each object.) There were two copper buttons clasped in each hand, the arms being extended along the sides. There was nothing else in this structure. “The mound (B) was fifty feet in diameter and four feet high. It was of the same material. The entire central portion was opened. A skeleton lay upon the bottom in the center, headed north and extended. There were two fragmentary skeletons near the surface and these were intrusive, I think. “In each hand was a copper button. Under the skull was a small wooden button about the size of a five cent piece, which was copper covered. “The large mound (C, shown in Figure XX), which has been somewhat reduced by cultivation, now stands six feet high and one hundred and twenty-five feet across the base. The soil in it is similar to that noticed in the others. Our trench started from the west side and was thirty feet wide. We found one skeleton ten feet southwest of the center, headed north. Like nearly all burials, it lay on the back, extended, and was five feet eight inches in length. The earth was all of a dark color about it.' None of the bones could be saved. Just north of this one, upon a well-marked base line, was another body. It lay a little to the east. It was of medium size, decayed and the soil about it Was very dark. About five feet from the center of the mound was a third skeleton, headed south and partly buried in the sand. Around it was a dark outline. The teeth showed medium age. Its height, five feet nine inches. We could not preserve it. Nearer the center was the fourth burial. It lay upon a raised platform of earth, one foot high, and all around the skeleton was pure, white sand. It was five feet and nine inches long and from the teeth I should judge it was of middle age. The muscular attachments of the bones were well developed. Bones were large but not massive. (Figure XXI shows the skeleton after having been carefully “brought out” by the hand trowels and whisk brooms, so that the bones could be well shown in a photograph. Because of the lack of contrast between bones and earth it is extremely difficult to procure a clear view of a skeleton.) 

Adena Skeleton Uncovered in the Waverly, Ohio Burial Mound

The Ohio Historical Society failed to mention the skull of the skeleton. Note the protruding brow ridge with no forehead and the skull goes straight back and flat on this elongated skull. While this skeleton was less than six feet, it has the skull characteristics of a giant.

    This was one of the best mound skeletons I ever uncovered. Three arrowheads lay along the right arm and between the knees was a piece of worked antler. " “South of this was the skeleton of a child of but a few months of age. Beneath the child’s skeleton, but a few inches; was the skeleton of a doe. Among the bones was the calcis of an adult. It was unusually large. Four feet north and four feet deep was the tibiae of a skeleton surrounded by spearheads. They Were twenty in number, twelve being broken. 'No other bones or traces were found. ' “Four feet east of this cache of spears on the baseline lay another extended skeleton. On the left wrist was a copper bracelet. The bones could not be taken out entire. About three feet east of the center, lying on the baseline and in a small bed of ashes about twelve inches in diameter, was a cremated skeleton. With the bones were an arrow-head and' a polished celt. Southeast was the skeleton of a child near the surface. From indications, I think it to have been a recent interment—probably of the whites. This concluded the exploration of this mound.”

The Jacksontown Adena Burial Mound, Located Near Newark, Ohio

The Jacksontown Adena Burial Mound, Located Near Newark, Ohio

Recent photo of the Jacksontown Adena burial mound.  

Photo of the Jacksontown burial mound, located a few miles south of Newark prior to its excavation

     The earth mound on the plank road between Newark and Jacksontown, on the farm of Mr. Taylor, is one- of good size, and much interest attaches to it on account of the very careful and scientific examination given it, a few years ago, by Professor Marsh, of Yale college, and who gave it a very extensive notoriety through "Silliman's Journal," as well as in a carefully prepared pamphlet publication. He found in it ashes, charcoal, flint, a broken pipe made of soft limestone, pieces of a tube of the same material, a string of over one hundred native copper beads, strung on a twisted cord of coarse vegetable fibre ; also shell beads, human skeletons, decayed layers of reddish brown powder, layers of burned clay, white chaff, implements of various kinds, lance and arrow heads, six hand axes made of hematite and green stone, a hatchet, a flint chisel, a flint scraper, many bone implements, five needles or bodkins from three to six inches in length, made of the bones of the deer, an implement for moulding pottery, numerous peculiar implements made from the antlers of the deer and elk, a whistle made from the tooth of a young black bear, spoons made of shells, a vessel of coarse pottery, frag ments of a vase, various animal bones, such as the elk, deer, rabbit, wolf, woodchuck and river mussel, and various other things, including seven teen human skeletons, in whole or in part. No bones of domestic animals were found. The exploration of the mound was more perfect and thorough than that of any other within the limits of the county, and its yield of archaeological treasure was generous. Mr. G. P. Russell, of Harvard college, with a number of gentlemen of Newark, assisted in this examination, and retained possession of some of those valuable mound deposits. This is but a single instance of the richness of this county, archaeologically considered, and shows what treasures are yet in reach of those who would give these mounds a thorough examination.

Chillicothe, Ohio's Largest Burial Mound

Chillicothe, Ohio's Largest Burial Mounds is Hidden From the Public

Going to Ohio to visit the ancient burial mounds and earthworks? Just know, many of the largest burial mound locations are kept secret by the Ohio Historical Society. These mounds are listed as "address restricted." It is YOU that they are restricting from knowing where they are. Since the publication of "The Nephilim Chronicles: A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley," these restrictions have been lifted, with direction to ALL of Ohio's ancient sites provided. For a sneak peek of 32 of the largest burial mounds in Ohio (25 are Address Restricted) follow this link 

One of Ohio's largest burial mounds is located to the north of Chillicothe, Ohio.

    
Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. VII, 1900
   The Austin Brown mound is one of the largest in the state. 'It stands thirty—eight feet high having a base of one hundred and sixty—five feet and is located near Brown Chapel in Scioto township (Ross County). It lies upon the second terrace of the Scioto and is made up of a rich, brown clay containing not a pebble or stone. “We went up the side thirty-four feet from the edge and sunk a shaft on the east side. It was ten feet down to the baseline at this point. We then started a large tunnel and worked in under from this point. We soon struck quantities of rotten timbers or logs and a heavy decay line. We found a fine rotary arrowhead. There were many soft spots of black earth. Twenty feet from the mouth of the tunnel we struck a log ten inches in diameter running north and south. “From indications, I think that at the time of building this mound they felled the trees and covered them up without clearing. “We sent several 'side tunnels. When the main tunnel passed the

Directions to Over 100 of Ohio's Burial Mounds and Earthworks

20 Colors of Sand Used In a Chillicothe, Ohio's, Largest Burial Mound.

20 Colors of Sand Used In a Chillicothe, Ohio Largest Burial Mound.
The Ancient King Was Wrapped Like an Egyptian Mummy

Sand Painting was found along with a skeleton that had been wrapped in cloth, like a mummy in this large Adena burial mound that was destroyed by the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society.

    The Miller or Carriage Factory mound stands thirty-five feet high and has a diameter at the base of two hundred and twenty-five feet. It has retained its form exceedingly well until within the last five years, during which people have hauled away earth. The west side, at the point of removal, stands about fifteen feet in perpendicular height, and from the edge of the mound to this wall or face it must be nearly fifty-five feet. “On the base line was a streak of decayed wood several inches thick and showing high colors. This seemed to have been pretty generally placed over the base of the mound. Between the center and south tunnel (these were started on the west side and therefore headed east, but we speak of the tunnel to the left of the main one as north, and the other as south tunnels)’ I found casts of poles two to three inches in diameter in the form of a pen or hut. These casts plainly retained the stamp of the bark and showed the knot holes of the saplings. The soil of the base line was now very black, and immediately above it was the heavy line of decayed wood and then the streaked or diamond shaped deposits or dumps of earth. 

Over 20 shades of colored sand were used to cover the wooden hut or tomb of the burial mound.


    I counted about 20 shades of these. There were a few spots of gravel among them. The darkest spots were near the bottom and the lighter ones toward the top. On the whole the mound was of sandy soil and very hard, making digging slow.  We found in the south tunnel, fifteen feet in, a rough sandstone disc. It lay in the decayed wood line. All the, way this peculiar line ran nearly level. Even by candle light we could make out the different colors. “Wednesday, May 12. We pushed the tunnels very rapidly today. Side tunnels were dug. The decay line is very heavy and we can take out large pieces showing eight to ten streaks or different colors. (Figure VII, No. II, shows the base line and streaks in same.) At noon today we struck a place wherein was soft, black earth. After digging into it about a foot we struck the skull of a skeleton, twenty-five feet from the mouth of the north tunnel. Its skull was badly decayed, but upon close examination the pieces of skull were found to be covered with a thin bark like fibre.  Around the next were bone beads and from the shoulder of the left arm to the hand were three or four strings of shell beads numbering over two hundred and made from a kind of small ocean shell. (Figure VII, Nos. 9 and I0 show the beads from this skeleton.) There were bits of the string yet remaining in some of them. Several pieces of mica and several bits of limestone also lay near the remains. The skeleton was headed north, lying upon its back. Around it were evidences of thin wood or bark. Most of the bark and wood lay in a longitudinal direction with the skeleton. This body was wrapped or dressed in some woven fabric of fibre-like consistency next to the skin, for some parts of the skeleton could be lifted up and to them would yet adhere the woven fabric. “Then came a most peculiar thing. There was bandaging of some sort of bark like birch about the body and legs. It extended in many directions like mummy wrapping. The beads and body seemed to be coated with a peculiar plaster cast, very white and to the depth of one-half to three—fourths of an inch. Several of the long bones, humerus, femur and clavicle were taken out whole, while others were fairly preserved. We found some mica fragments around the skeleton. This skeleton lay upon the baseline and there was no evidence of fire about it. No charcoal was discovered. There were no other relics near it.  
    The varied earths, of all colors, have a special significance. It is not to be supposed that these varied shades resulted from a haphazard gathering of earth from about the base of the mound. There are no soils near‘ its base presenting such diversity of colors. There can be but one explanation: that both in the case of Mound No. 43 (opened in 1889) and this one just described, the selection of these “dumps” was intentional. Sand painting is common in the southwest among the Pueblos, to some extent among the Navajos, also in portions of Asia. The brightest colors are used and the designs, executed upon a flat surface, are complicated and symbolic in character. These dumps may not be classed as “paintings,” but that they have some peculiar relation to the mounds themselves, I am convinced. The grouping of various shades so that the contrasts are quite apparent—red next to black or yellow next to grey, or brown next to white—is evidence of the purpose. Instead of stratification, or of altars, or of treasured possessions exhibiting rare material from a distance, or high artistic aptitude in execution are all absent.
   Whether these earths were artificially colored, whether they were brought from a distance of several miles cannot be ascertained. But that they were selected with special reference to their shades is indisputable. Time and pains were both necessary to construct this tumulus. Along with No. 43—some few hundred yards northwest — it stands as unique and peculiar. It is a part of that strange culture of the lower Scioto—a culture which was higher than elsewhere in the Ohio Valley—a culture of great antiquity and possibly one which was affected by southern influences. The fibre covered and wrapped skeleton presents a condition not observed elsewhere so far as I am aware. Skeletons wrapped in coarse cloth, copper wrapped in cloth, have been frequently described. Both the bark and the cloth of fibre should be care fully studied. The weaving of the cloth and the material of which it is composed, the nature of the bark—these are points to be determined in the future.

40 Foot Stone Mound South of Newark Was Ohio's Ancient Jewel Before it was Destroyed

40 Foot Stone Mound South of Newark Was Ohio's Ancient Jewel Before it was Destroyed

A wooden coffin was found at the bottom of the mound that contained a large skeleton. With this skeleton was found a wooden box that contained ancient Hebrew Script of the Ten Commandments. Since this evidence was contrary the Smithsonian's theory. The mound had to be destroyed.

THE Mound Builders' works are found in various parts of Licking township, the stone mound about a mile south of Jacksontown being of the greatest magnitude. It was of gigantic proportions, measuring one hundred and eighty-three feet in diameter at its base, and when found by the pioneer settlers, was between thirty and forty feet in height. Many hundred wagon loads of stone were removed from it, and used in the construction of the reservoir, in the cellar walls in the neighborhood, and in the villages along the National road, so that at present it will not probably average more than eight feet in height. A tolerably well preserved coffin, containing a skeleton, was found in it some years ago, with a quantity of beads and other trinkets. Other but less authenticated relics are often named in connection with this mound. The "decalogue stone" with some others require verification. This mound is situated on high ground, and was built of un-hammered stone of tolerably uniform size and very large. Hon. Isaac Smucker, who is well informed on the subject, says it was the largest stone mound of which he has any knowledge. Itis also the only one of its class in the township.

Granville, Licking County, Ohio's Alligator Mound Alignments and Numerology

Granville, Licking County, Ohio's Alligator Mound Alignments and Numerology

Early map of the Alligator mound. It may have been some other kind of reptile. It shares an alignment with the large Newark Circle or henge, as they are both aligned to the May 1st sunrise.May 1st was the emergence of frogs and other reptiles and a sign that life was returning to the landscape.

The traveler between Newark and Granville will observe many of these mounds, a few yet pretty well preserved, even on the extensive and rich bottoms of the Raccoon ; but the better preserved works, and those probably the most interesting, are located upon the hills that shut in the valley. Captain M. M. Munson, who occupies a beautiful farm in the midst of these mounds, and who has made them something of a study, is confident that around the great alligator mound, located not far from his house, is a complete system of mounds and earthworks that point to it as a common center. However this may be, there is certainly a large circle of works in this vicinity, extending several miles in every direction, and seemingly connected with each other and with the "Old Fort" near Newark and its contiguous works. The Alligator mound is situated upon the summit of a hill nearly two hundred feet high, about six miles west of Newark; near Granville. The shape and form of this reptilian monster are distinctly presented, so that all admit, at the first; glance, that it was undoubtedly intended to represent the alligator or American crocodile. His enitire length is two hundred feet and ten feet. The greatest  breadth of his body is twenty feet, and his length  between the fore legs and hind legs is fifty feet.

The length of the Alligator of 210 feet is a good clue that this work had a solar reference. Sun temples or henges at Mounds State Park and Cambridge City, Indiana, Athens Ohio, Chillicothe, Ohio were all 210 feet in diameter or 660 feet in circumference.

Two henges from the Junction Group near Chillicothe, Ohio with a diameter of 210 feet.

The limbs are each twenty-five feet long. The head, fore shoulders and back have an elevation varying from three to six feet, while the remainder of the body averages considerably less. The head, limbs and tail gradually taper off to their termination. The scholarly author of "Historic Man" visited this effigy in 1876, just before the issue of the third edition of his work, and he expresses the belief that it "symbolizes some object of special awe and veneration, thus reared on one of the chief 'high places' of the nation, with its accompanying altar, upon which these ancient people could witness the celebration of the rites of their worship, its site having been obviously selected as the most prominent feature in a populous district abounding in military, civic and religious structures." It is probable this effigy was an object of worship, as the Mound Builders were certainly a superstitious and idolatrous race. 

The stone cairn that was next to the effigy is very similar to that found at the Tarleton Cross.

The Tarleton Cross with an adjoining stone mound.  In the center of the cross is a deep basin where it is believed that fires were made during solar events.

     It probably belongs to the same class of mounds as the "Eagle mound" in the "old fort." The hill upon which the Alligator mound is situated, is a "spur" jutting into the level bottom, and not far from the foot of the hill, and to the east of it perhaps one fourth of a mile, on the level bottom, is the curiously shaped mound called the "Crescent." It is an "immense pile of dirt," which seems to lie upon top of the ground as if it had been transported from a distance, thrown down there and fashioned into the shape of a half-moon or crescent. It is composed largely of gravel and in its composition differs largely from the dark, loamy earth around it. This mysterious crescent-shaped pile has been plowed over for fifty years or more, and of course is much reduced in height, but is yet probably six or seven feet high. It is large and thick in the center, and tapers in either direction to a point. It is located on lot number eight of the Granville purchase, now owned by D. M. Knapp.