Discover What the Archaeologists and Academia Has Suppressed About Ancient America

Ninety-six diverse stories about Ancient America are presented in the Second Volume of "Mysteries of Ancient America: Uncovering the Forbidden" More evidence is reported that the erroneous archaeologist's term of "Hopewell" mound builders in the Ohio Valley were the Dakota Sioux Indians. More evidence is conferred that the giants in the Ohio Valley had their origins in ancient Babylon and were none other than the accounted giants in the Bible, known as the Amorites. Correlations are shown not only in regards to the ancient earthworks and the advanced mathematics used in their construction but also in how ancient Babylon is still prevalent in today's life and holiday celebrations. To expose how much of Ancient America has been suppressed, I chose two cities, Chicago and Cincinnati, to show how rich they once were in prehistoric mounds and earthworks. Using recent photos and rare historical drawings, these ancient works are presented for the first time. Using Lidar technology, new massive earthworks in Ohio and Indiana are revealed for the first time. This includes one of America's largest Mississippian platform mounds in Indiana that has never been photographed. Explore the many strange artifacts found in the burial mounds. Mounds revealing strange construction techniques are described that are reminiscent of the megalithic era. Bizzare skeletal remains are also reported within the burial mounds. Discover reports of European skeletal remains that have been found in burial mounds. Reports that contradict academics' Berengia theory and is subsequently dismissed. Paranormal Activity has been experienced at numerous mound and earthwork sites. Here the first-hand accounts of shadow people and demonic entities that have been witnessed at these ancient ruins. The massive geometric earthworks in the Ohio Valley can only be seen in their entirety from the air. Is there an extraterrestrial connection? See the evidence. These reports don't fit the 'politically correct' archaeologist's paradigm and have been suppressed until now.

Discover the Mysteries Here

Indian Burial Mound in Missouri

   By Horace L. Mason, Corning, Missouri. The “Mound Builders” occupied and were numerous in this portion of the Missouri River Valley, latitude 40° 17' North, longitude, 95°24' West from Greenwich. Extensive mounds now exist. I have examined their contents to some extent and sent to the Smithsonian Institute specimens of pottery that I have taken out of them. The only indication of human remains were teeth in great numbers. They were so ancient that the bones were entirely decomposed. The pottery specimens were mostly spherical shaped pots, holding about one gallon, made of material, when freshly broken, resembling slate, and from one-fourth to one-third of an inch in thickness. The outside looked as though they had been subjected to the action of fire; as though used for cooking, having an eye to accommodate a bail, resembling much in form and shape the cast iron pot of the present day, used for cooking over the fireplace. Also, open dishes from two to three inches deep, and six to eight inches in diameter, and rudely ornamented while in a plastic state, and made of the same material as before described, and about one-fourth of an inch in thickness.

   One mound in this immediate vicinity, in a good state of preservation, from one hundred to one hundred and ten feet in diameter, and six to eight feet high, situated on the Missouri bottom prairie, originally about three-fourths of a mile from the run, and near two miles to the foot of the bluffs.\

   It was formed of the soil or alluvial deposit, like the bottomlands here, except a layer at the bottom about six inches in thickness, which was brought from the bluffs. It is easily distinguished from the soil on the bottom called geologically “loess or bluff formations,” a finely pulverized marl, almost as white as sand. It must have been prepared in some manner, as when reached by the spade. We could hardly cut through it; it broke in chunks like mortar. Stone implements are rarely found here. The few specimens I have seen are entirely different from specimens frequent and numerously found in Ohio.

 “Golgothas” of the Mandans: Legacy of the Hopewell Mound Builders

With evidence that the Mandan were in the Ohio Valley burying there dead in mounds, the Golgothas give valuable insight into Ohio Hopewell.

“Golgothas” of the Mandans: Legacy of the Ohio Mound Builders

   There are several of these golgothas, or circles of twenty or thirty feet in diameter, and in the center of each ring or circle is a little mound of three feet high, on which uniformly rest two buffalo skulls (a male and female), and in the center of the little mound is erected “a medicine pole,” of about twenty feet high, supporting many curious articles of mystery and superstition, which they supposedly have the power of guarding and protecting this sacred arrangement.

   Here, then, to this strange place do these people again resort to evince their further affections for the dead, not in groans and lamentations, however, for several years have cured the anguish, but fond affection and endearments are here renewed, and conversations are here held and cherished with the dead. Each one of these skulls is placed upon a bunch of wild sage, which has been pulled and placed under it. The wife knows, by some mark or resemblance, the skull of her husband or her child which lies in this group, and they're seldom passes a day that she does not visit it with a dish of the best-cooked food that her wigwam affords, which she sets before the skull at night, and returns for the dish in the morning. As soon as it is discovered that the sage on which the skull rests is beginning to decay, the woman cuts a fresh bunch and places the skull carefully upon it, removing that which was under it.
   Independent of the above-named duties, which draw the women to this spot, they visit it from inclination and linger upon it to hold converse and company with the dead. There is scarcely an hour in a pleasant day but more or less of these women may be seen sitting or lying by the skull of their child or husband, talking to it in the most pleasant and endearing language that they can use (as they were wont to do in former days), and seemingly getting an answer back.

Wheeling West Virginia Signified to Native Americans as "Place of a Skull."

Wheeling West Virginia Signified to Native Americans as "Place of a Skull."

Wheeling, in the Delaware language, signified the "Place of a Skull" and was given by them to the location upon which the city of Wheeling now stands.


Chilicothe, meaning "The Town" was so called by the western tribes because of the ancient ruins in its vicinity.

Choctaw Absorbed the Ohio Mound Builders After Being Defeated by the Algonquin Indians

Choctaw Absorbed the Ohio Mound Builders After Being Defeated by the Algonquin Indians

The Algonquin peoples were of northern origin who didn't migrate into the lower Great Lakes region until after warring with the Ohio and Indiana mound builders.

    Their most constant and most dreaded enemies were the tribes of the Algonquin family, a fierce and restless people, of northern origin, who everywhere surrounded them. At one period, however, if the concurrent traditions of both Iroquois and Algonquins can be believed, these contending races for a time stayed their strife, and united their forces in an alliance against a common and formidable foe. This foe was the nation, or perhaps the confederacy, of the Alligewi or Talligewi, the semi-civilized "Mound-builders" of the Ohio Valley, who have left their name to the Allegheny river and mountains, and whose vast earthworks are still, after half-a-century of study, the perplexity of archaeologists. A desperate warfare ensued, which lasted about a hundred years, and ended in the complete overthrow and destruction, or expulsion, of the Alligewi. The survivors of the conquered people fled southward, and are supposed to have mingled with the tribes which occupied the region extending from the Gulf of Mexico northward to the Tennessee river and the southern spurs of the Alleghenies. Among these tribes, the Choctaws retained, to recent times, the custom of raising huge mounds of earth for religious purposes and for the sites of their habitations, a custom which they perhaps learned from the Alligewi; and the Cherokees are supposed by some to have preserved in their name (Tsalaki) and in their language indications of an origin derived in part from the same people. Their language, which shows, in its grammar and many of its words, clear evidence of affinity with the Iroquois, has drawn the greater portion of its vocabulary from some foreign source. This source is conjectured to have been the speech of the Alligewi. As the Cherokee tongue is evidently a mixed language, it is reasonable to suppose that the Cherokees are a mixed people, and probably, like the English, an amalgamation of conquering and conquered races. [Footnote: This question has been discussed by the writer in a paper on "Indian Migrations as evidenced by Language," read before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, at their Montreal Meeting, in August, 1882, and published in the American Antiquarian for January and April, 1883.]

The time which has elapsed since the overthrow of the Alligewi is variously estimated. The most probable conjecture places it at a period about a thousand years before the present day. It was apparently soon after their expulsion that the tribes of the Huron-Iroquois and the Algonquin stocks scattered themselves over the wide region south of the Great Lakes, thus left open to their occupancy.

About American Indian Burial Mounds And Their Builders.

About American Indian Burial Mounds And Their Builders.

In many parts of the United States, from western New York to the Rocky Mountains and even beyond, there are great numbers of artificial heaps and extensive embankments of earth. These show skill in construction, and from them have been dug many relics of artistic merit and good workmanship. At one time these earthworks and relics were generally believed to be the work of a single, highly civilized people, who preceded the Indians, who were not related to them, and who are now extinct. To this people the name “mound-builders” was given.

There are three ways in which we can learn about these so-called “mound-builders.” We may learn something from the mounds themselves, from the relics found in the mounds, and from the bones of persons who were buried in them.

Studying the mounds themselves, we find that they differ in different areas. We will look at three areas:

(1) In Ohio there are thousands of mounds and earthworks. Near every important modern town there are groups of them. Cincinnati, Chillicothe, Dayton, Xenia, are all near important mounds. 

The regular enclosures are numerous in this area: these are great embankments of earth inclosing a regular space. Some are in the form of circles; others are four-sided; in a few cases they are eight-sided. Sometimes a square and a circle are united. There is one such combination at Hopeton; one of the embankments is a nearly true circle containing twenty acres; joined to it is a square of almost the same area.

At Newark there was a wonderful group of enclosures. The group covered about two miles square and consisted of three divisions, which were connected with one another by long parallel embankment walls. One circle in this group contained more than thirty acres: the walls were twelve feet high and fifty feet wide; a ditch seven feet deep and thirty-five feet wide bordered it on the inner side; a gap of eighty feet in the circle served as an entrance. In the center of the area enclosed by this great circle was a curious earth heap somewhat like a bird in form. Northwest from this great circle, nearly a mile distant, were two connected enclosures, one octagonal, the other circular: the former contained more than fifty acres, the latter twenty. East from these and northeast from the great circle was a fine twenty-acre enclosure, nearly a square in form. Besides these great walls, there were long parallel lines of connecting embankment walls, small circular enclosures, and little mounds in considerable variety. This great mass of works represented an enormous amount of time and labor. 

What was the purpose of these regular enclosures? Some writers claim that they were forts for protection; others consider them protections for the corn-fields; others think they were places for games or religious ceremonials; one eminent man insists that they were foundations upon which were built long and narrow houses.

“Altar mounds” occur in Ohio. Professor Putnam and his assistants opened a number of these. They are small, rounded heaps of earth. At their center is a basin-shaped mass of hard clay showing the effect of fire. These basins are a yard or four feet across and contain ashes and charcoal. Upon these are found many curious objects. On one altar were two bushels of ornaments made of stone, copper, mica, shells, bears' teeth, and sixty thousand pearls. Most of these objects were pierced with a small hole and were apparently strung as ornaments. These objects had all been thrown into a fire blazing on the altar and had been spoiled by the heat. After the kindling of the fire, and the destruction of these precious things, earth had been heaped up over the altars, completing the mound.

The most famous mound in Ohio is the great serpent in Adams County. It lies upon a narrow ridge between three streams, which unite. It is a gigantic serpent form made in earth; across the widely opened jaws it measures seventy-five feet; the body, just behind the head, measures thirty feet across and five feet high; following the curves the length is thirteen hundred forty-eight feet. The tail is thrown into a triple coil. In front of the serpent is an elliptical enclosure with a heap of stones at its center. Beyond this is a form, somewhat indistinct, thought by some to be a frog. Probably this wonderful earthwork was connected with some old religion. While there are many other earthworks of other forms in Ohio, the sacred enclosures, the altar mounds, and the great serpent are the most characteristic.

Great Serpent Mound: Ohio. (From The Century Magazine.)

(2) In Wisconsin the most interesting mounds are the effigy mounds. There are great numbers of them in parts of this and a few adjoining states. They are earthen forms of mammals, birds, and reptiles. They are usually in groups; they are generally well shaped and of gigantic size. Among the quadrupeds represented are the buffalo, moose, elk, deer, fox, wolf, panther, and lynx. Mr. Peet, who has carefully studied them, shows that quadruped mammals are always represented in profile so that only two legs are shown; the birds have their wings spread; reptiles sprawl, showing all four legs; fish are mere bodies without limbs. We have said these earth pictures are gigantic: some panthers have tails three hundred and fifty feet long, and some eagles measure one thousand feet from tip to tip of the outspread wings. Not only are these great animal and bird pictures found in Wisconsin in relief; occasionally they are found cut or sunken in the soil. With these curious effigy mounds there occur hundreds of simple burial mounds.

The purpose of the effigy mounds is somewhat uncertain. Some authors think they represent the totem animals after which the families of their builders were named, and that they served as objects of worship or as guardians over the villages.

Ground Plan of Earthworks at Newark, Ohio. (After Squier and Davis.)

(3) Farther south, in western Tennessee, another class of mounds is common. These contain graves made of slabs of stone set on edge. The simplest of these stone graves consist of six stones: two sides, two ends, one top, and one bottom. There may be a single one of these graves in a mound, or there may be many. In one mound, about twelve miles from Nashville, which was forty-five feet across and twelve feet high, were found about one hundred skeletons, mostly in stone graves, which were in ranges, one above another. The upper graves contained the bones of bodies, which had been buried stretched at full length; the bones were found in their natural positions. The lower graves were short and square, and the bones in them had been cleaned and piled up in little heaps. This mound was very carefully made. The lids of the upper graves were so arranged as to make a perfectly smooth, rounded surface. Sometimes these stone graves of Tennessee are not placed in mounds, but in true graveyards in the level fields. In these stone graves are found beautiful objects of stone, shell, and pottery. The stone-grave men were true artists in working these materials.

In the same district are found many dirt rings called “house-circles.” These occur in groups and appear to mark the sites of ancient villages, each being the ruin of a house. These rings are nearly circular and from ten to fifty feet across, and from a few inches to two or three feet high. Excavation within them shows old floors made of hard clay, with the fireplace or hearth. The stone-grave people lived in these houses. They often buried little children who died, under the floor. Their stone coffins measured only from one to four feet long. They contain the little skeletons and all the childish treasures—pretty cups and bowls of pottery, shell beads, pearls, and even the leg bones of birds, on which the babies used to cut their teeth as our babies do on rubber rings.

These are but three of the areas where mounds are found; there are several others. If the “mound-builders” were a single people, with one set of customs, one language, and one government, it is strange that there should be such great differences in the mounds they built. If we had space to speak about the relics from the mounds, they would tell a story.

Shell Gorgets: Tennessee. (After Holmes.)

They would show that the builders of the mounds, while they made many beautiful things of stone, shell, bone, beaten metals, could not smelt ores. They were Stone Age men, not civilized men. The objects from different areas differ so much in kind, pattern, and material as to suggest that their makers were not one people. Study of skulls from mounds in one district—as Ohio or Iowa—show that different types of men built the mounds even of one area.

So neither the mounds, the relics, nor the remains prove that there was one people, the “mound-builders,” but rather that the mounds were built by many different tribes. These tribes were not of civilized, but of barbarous, Stone Age men. It is likely that some of the tribes that built the mounds still live in the United States. Thus the Shawnees may be the descendants of the stone-grave people, the Winnebagoes may have come from the effigy-builders of Wisconsin, and the Cherokees may be the old Ohio “mound-builders.”

Map of Historic Tribes of the Hopewell Mound Builders

Map of Historic Tribes of the Hopewell Mound Builders

This map shows the historic Indian tribes that made up the Hopewell Empire. The Sioux, Cherokee, and Iroquois are believed to have been the earlier Maritime Archaic and split about 1500 B.C. Linguistic studies show these three historic tribes to have a similar language that was from a common tongue.  History of the early Native American mound builders

Butler County, Ohio Reily Cemetery Mound

Butler County, Ohio Reily Cemetery Mound

The position of this mound is on an upland terrace next to a small creek called Little Indian that is a tributary to the Miami River. Reily Cemetery located in the town of Reily, Ohio.  

he Mound Builders, Archaeology of Butler County, Ohio, 1879:

On a hill west of the village of Reily, and near the cemetery, on section twenty-one, located in the woods on the farm of P. Wunder, is a mound ten feet high by fifty feet diameter. Many years ago this was dug into, and many earthen vessels taken from it. An oak tree of considerable size is growing on the side of the mound.

Ancient Adena Earthwork Found in Jackson County, Ohio

The Jackson County, Adena ceremonial earthwork is still visible in this field overlooking Jackson, Ohio.  The work measured 100 x 110 feet and had a deep interior ditch that was typical of Adena earthworks. For 121 mounds and earthworks in Ohio including the "Address Restricted" burial moundswww.nephilimgiants.net : 121 Photos of Burial Mounds in Ohio Including the :Address Restricted" Sites 

Another view of the earthwork shows how it overlooks the city of Jackson, Ohio

History of Jackson County, Ohio - 1900
THE OLD FORT— This is the name by which the ancient earthwork on McKitterick's hill, northwest of Jackson, is generally known. There were two of these works on the McKitterick farm in early days, but the eastern one, inside of which the house was erected, has been almost obliterated. They were visited by Charles Whittlesey in 1837, when he was engaged upon the first geological survey of Ohio and described as follows: "No. 1 is situated in Lick township, Jackson county, Ohio, on the west half of the northeast quarter of section 19, Township 7, Range 18, on high ground, about one-fourth of a mile northwest of Salt Creek. The soil is clayey, the work slight, with only one opening, which is on the east, and to my knowledge, without running water in the vicinity. The ditch being interior, indicates that the work was built for some other purpose than defence, probably for ceremonial uses. No. 2 is on the same quarter section on the east half, and lies near the road from Jackson to Richmond, on the left hand. The prospect from the mound is extended and delightful. On the west between this and No. 1, is a ravine and a small stream. As the soil is sandy, it is certain that the mound attached to the rectangle on the southwest was somewhat higher at first that it is at present. Neither of these works are perfectly square or rectangular, but irregular in form, approaching a square. No. 2 is clearly not a work of defence, and was probably intended as a high place, for superstitious rites. A more charming spot for such observances could not be chosen, if we admit that external circumstances and scenery had any connection with the sentiments of the worshipers, and we must allow that the Mound Builders were alive to the beauty of the scenery." The writer had a survey of the Old Fort made in July, 1894. The dimensions were found to be as follows: Length 110 feet, width 100 feet. From bottom of ditch to top of embankment at south west corner is three feet and four inches; height of embankment six inches. From bottom of ditch at southeast corner to top of embankment is five feet and six inches; the embankment is two feet high. Distance from inside ditch across to outside of embankment is fifty feet. The inclosure is level, and the entrance is on the east side. The inclosure is almost rectangular, but the embankment is more irregular. An oak seven feet in circumference stands on the embankment near the southeast corner. There are a number of smaller trees growing on the embankment, and a few in the inclosure, but there are none in the ditch. The Old Fort stands on level ground, overlooked by several higher elevations, which proves conclusively that it could not have been intended for defence. There is no great quantity of water nearer than Salt Creek, a quarter of a mile away, which argues that it was not the long house of a village. Whittlesey failed to find any running water in the vicinity, but since the ground has been cleared, a number of coal springs have been discovered near. In short, there is a coal spring at the head of each branch of the several ravines adjacent. In the summer of 1896, one of these springs, located a few hundred feet southeast of the Old Fort, dried up and Milton Cameron, who was clearing the land, cleaned it out in hopes of finding water. At a depth of about three feet, he came upon a pan scooped out in the sandrock where the stream had welled forth. There was nothing to show that the spring had ever been cleaned out by whites, and it is evident that this pan was the work of the fort builders. Its discovery justifies the belief that there may have been other springs nearer the Fort which were stopped up by its users, and have not yet been rediscovered. Only a few relics have been discovered near the Old Fort. The only specimen found inside the inclosure was a fine spear head, about four inches long. It was found accidentally by John F. Motz, when a lad. Samuel McKitterick, the present owner of the land, found a steel bladed ax May 5, 1896, when plowing in the field about one hundred yards south of the Fort. The ax weighs one and one-half pounds, is seven inches long, has a three inch blade and the eye measures 1 1-8 in. x 1 1-2 in. The ax Is now owned by J. H. Cochran. 

Shoveler Duck Effigy Pipe Found in West Virginia Adena Mound

 Shoveler Duck Effigy Pipe Found in  West Virginia Adena Mound

Shoveler Duck

List and Archaeological Maps of the Burial Mounds in Indiana. Allen - Franklin

List and Archaeological Maps of the Burial Mounds and Earthworks in Indiana

Allen County. Group of four mounds, 10 miles north of Fort Wayne, near Stoner's Station on the Fort Wayne, Jackson and Saginaw Railroad. Explored; contained human bones. Stone ax and spearhead found in the vicin ity. Described by R. S. Robertson, Sm. Rep., 1874, p. 383. Three mounds on St. Joseph River near the mouth of Cedar Creek at Cedarville. Circular inclosure in a bend of St. Joseph River on the east bank below the preceding, on the farm of Peter Notestine. Explored and briefly described by R. S. Robertson, Sm. Rep., 1874, p. 383. Semicircular inclosure on St. Joseph River, below the preceding and opposite Antrup's mill. Mound on St. Joseph River at the mouth of Breckenridge Creek. R. S. Robertson, Sm. Rep., 1874, pp. 383,384.

Carroll County. Large mound 6 miles southeast of Monticello. Briefly described by W. H. Hamelle, Indianapolis News, July 24, 1885; also mentioned in the Montreal (Canada) Star. August 8, 1885; Boston (Massa chusetts) Record, August 3, 1885. Shown by Mr. Collett to be a natural elevation. W. H. Smith in Indianapolis News, July 29, 1885. Clark County. Circular inclosure on James D. Robinson's farm on second bottom of Fourteen Mile Creek, about 2 miles west of New Washington. Described and figured by E. T. Cox, Geol. Surv. Ind., 1874, pp. 30, 31, Fig. 5. Shell heap at Clarksville just below the falls of the Ohio River, and one at H. Beach & Co.'s cement mill. Opened; several stone imple ments found. Others in the county not definitely located. Mentioned, with brief notice of articles found, by E. T. Cox, Geol. Surv. Ind., 1873, pp. 124, 125. Stone fort on a hill on the Ohio River at the mouth of Fourteen Mile Creek and near Charlestown. Described and figured in Geol. Surv. Ind., 1873, pp. 125-127,184-186. Also noticed by F. W. Putnam in 8th Rep. Peab. Mus., p. 47, and Am. Nat., vol. 9, p. 410. Lengthy description by W. H. Smith in Indianapolis News, July 29, 1885, copied into the New Albany (Indiana) Ledger, August 3, 1885. Brief notice in Geol. Surv. Ind., 1878. p. 124. Mounds on Battle Creek, 3£ miles north of Utica. Mounds 11 miles north of Patterson's. Mounds on both banks of Fourteen Mile Creek about a mile from Stone Fort. All located on map of Clark County by Prof. E. T. Cox, 5th Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1873. Curious stone mounds on a bluff above the Ohio River, on Sec. 32, T. 2, K. 10, about 1 mile below Dean's marble quarry. Described and figured by E. T. Cox, Geol. Surv. Ind., 1874, pp. 25-29.

Crawford County. Deposits, quarries, and other antiquities in Wyandotte Cave near the Ohio River. Many flint chips and arrowheads were found in the mouth of the cave; also a stone saucer containing a black substance. Described by H. C. Hovey, Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., vol. 29(1880), pp. 725-731. Rock house and implements near Mifflin. Notice by John Collett, Geol. Surv. Ind., 1878, p. 449. Dearborn County. Inclosure and mounds in Section 2, on the hill immediately north of Hardinsburgh and about 3 miles north of Lawrenceburgh. Described and figured by E. T. Cox, Geol. Surv. Ind., 1878, pp. 121-125. Mounds in the vicinity of Aurora, one of which stood within the city limits. Mentioned by E. T. Cox, Geol. Surv. Ind., 1878, p. 122.

Decatur County. Mounds occur in this county chiefly along Flat Rock and Clifty Creeks. The only definite localities noted are the Shellhorn estate at tbe junction of Big and Little Flat Rock Creeks and Uewpoint. Shells, beads, and pottery were found in these mounds. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1882, pp. 150,151. De Kalb County. Two mounds near Waterloo. Explored and briefly described. Skel etons found. Circular earthwork, 6 miles northwest of Waterloo. Brief descrip tion. Mound on the farm of Henry Gouzer in Fairfield Township in which a few bones were found. Mere mention. Group of mounds about 5 miles northeast of Waterloo. Short description. Two mounds on the farm of Mr. Taylor, half a mile from above. R. S. Robertson, Sm. Rep., 1874, pp. 381, 382. 

Fayette County. Single mounds on NE. i, Sec. 34, T. 13 N., R. 13 E , in NE. J, See. 33, T. 13 N., R. 13 E.; two in NE. J, Sec. 14, T. 13 N., R. 13 E. In one of the latter ornaments of copper were found. Workshop in SE. J, Sec. 36, T. 13 N., R. 13 E. Camping grounds and traces of old trails in Sees. 34 and 30, T. 13 N., R. 13 E. Mound in Sec. 24, T. 13 K, R. 13 E. Mentioned by Dr. George W. Homsher, Sm. Rep., 1882, pp. 737-749 

Fountain County. Mounds to the north of Attica. Brief mention in Foster's Preh. Rac., p. 143.
to be junction of Big and Little Flat Rock Creeks and Uewpoint. Shells, beads, and pottery were found in these mounds. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1882, pp. 150,151. 

De Kalb County. Two mounds near Waterloo. Explored and briefly described. Skeletons found. Circular earthwork, 6 miles northwest of Waterloo. Brief description. Mound on the farm of Henry Gouzer in Fairfield Township in which a few bones were found. Mere mention. Group of mounds about 5 miles northeast of Waterloo. Short de scription. Two mounds on the farm of Mr. Taylor, half a mile from above. R. S. Robertson, Sm. Rep., 1874, pp. 381, 382. 

Fayette County. Single mounds on NE. i, Sec. 34, T. 13 N., R. 13 E , in NE. J, See. 33, T. 13 N., R. 13 E.; two in NE. J, Sec. 14, T. 13 N., R. 13 E. In one of the latter ornaments of copper were found. Workshop in SE. J, Sec. 36, T. 13 N., R. 13 E. Camping grounds and traces of old trails in Sees. 34 and 30, T. 13 N., R. 13 E. Mound in Sec. 24, T. 13 K, R. 13 E. Mentioned by Dr. George W. Homsher, Sm. Rep., 1882, pp. 737-749 

Fountain County. Mounds to the north of Attica. Brief mention in Foster's Preh. Rac., p. 143.

Franklin County. A mound on N. part Sec. 31, T. 10 ]ST.,-R, 2 W. Mentioned by Dr. George W. Homsher, Sm. Rep., 1882, p. 733. Mounds have been noted at the following points in this county: On Sec. 5, T. 9 N., R. 1 W. On Sees. 1, 2, 4, 5, 0, and 9, T. 9 N., R. 2 W. On Sees. 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, and 35, T. 10 K, R. 2 W. On Sees. 4, 9, and 13, T. 12 N., R. 13 E. There is a small earthen circle on Sec. 25, T. 10 N., R. 2 W. A singular stone structure on Sec. 23, T. 10 N., R. 2 W. A cemetery on Sec. 4, T. 9 N., R. 2 W. Workshops have been discovered on Sees. 3 and 4, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.; Sec. 20, T. 10 N., R. 2 W.; Sec 10, T. 12 K, R. 13 E. Traces of camp sites and old trails are observable on Sec. 31, T. 10 N., R. 1 W.; Sec. 33, T. 10 K, R. 2 W.; Sec. 10, T. 12 N., R. 13 E. Dr. George W. Homsher, Sm. Rep. 1882, pp. 730-749. Mounds in the vicinity of Harrison on the Whitewater. Noticed ami a somewhat full mention of contents given in Brown's Western Gazetteer, pp. 56-58.

Nephilim Pole Star Earthen Temples Aligned to Polaris and Thuban in Athens, Ohio

Nephilim Pole Star  Earthen Temples Aligned to Polaris and Thuban in Athens, Ohio.

Secrets taught to the Nephilim by the Fallen Angels
The Book of Enoch: "Baraqijal taught astrology; Kokabiel, the knowledge of the constellations" 

Today, the North Star is Polaris, in the Little Dipper, it will be at true north in the year 2100 A.D.  At the time of the construction of the Egyptian pyramids in 3,000 B.C, the north star wasThuban. The Athens henge site was constructed as early as 450 B.C. What is significant about this date is that Thuban and Polaris would have been an equal distance from true north. 

The Athens henge site has four henges with gateways that are open to the north. This would not have aligned with either Polaris or Thuban, but to an empty place in between these two stars. What did this mean to them? 

A snapshot of the current night sky, showing Thuban in the constellation of Draco and Polaris in the Ursa minor constellation. At the time when the Athens henge site was constructed, true north would have been the midway point between the two bright stars.

Was this mound formation at the Athens, Ohio earthwork, site constructed to mimic Ursa Minor (Little Dipper) ?

The largest of the mounds of the cluster made to mimic the Little Dipper. Located north of Athens, Ohio at The Plains.

Discover the Stellar Alignments of Mounds State Park Henge site and The Great Hopewell Road

Historic Description of Licking County, Ohio's Ancient Flint Ridge

Historic Description of Licking County, Ohio's Ancient Flint Ridge
     

Two boys sitting on an outcrop of flint at Flint Ridge.

   That the Mound Builders once occupied, the Flint ridge admits of no doubt; they still exist works, of which there are some eight or ten in number, albeit some of them have been almost obliterated by the plow, furnish ample proof. They are all composed of earth except one, which was constructed of flint stones; and they are all either sepulchral or signal mounds, varying in height from five feet to fifteen feet, and in diameter from ten feet to a hundred feet. Some of them have been opened and found to contain the usual deposits of ashes, charcoal, bones, skeletons, pottery (in fragments), and some mound builders' implements. In two of them were found shell beads, stone axes, and arrowheads. One of the signal mounds, or mounds of observation, says Mr. William Anderson, an intelligent and enthusiastic archaeologist, formerly a resident of the ridge, commands a view of another some five miles distant to the southwest, and he states that from said mound (which is also one of observation), he followed the line of signal mounds to the Ohio river, at a point in Meigs county. The flint mound was, on exploration, ascertained to be of the sepulchral class, two skeletons being found within it, together with some beads and mica in sheets, eight by ten inches in size. The beads were made of marine shells, such as are found in the Gulf of Mexico, with few of river mussel, pierced for the cord or string. "Of lines of circumvallation, there are several circular enclosures, and one four-sided figure (parallelogram). Their walls vary in height from two feet to five feet, and in diameter from thirty feet to one hundred feet. The banks of one of them was ascertained to be composed, in part, of stone. When openings occur in the enclosures, they are on the east side. "It has been long known (says Colonel Charles Whittlesey, in Historical Tract, No. 5, page 36), that a flint bed existed on Flint ridge, that had been extensively quarried in ancient times, the hundreds of old pits, some of them twenty feet deep, and covering more than a hundred acres, bear testimony to the extent of the labors of the Mound Builders here. These pits or "wells," as they are provincially called, are partially filled with water, and are surrounded by broken fragments of flint stones that had undoubtedly been rejected by those who attempted, but tailed to shape them into implements, for only clear and homogeneous pieces could be wrought into knives and arrow or spear-points. With what tools and appliances the ancients wrought such extensive quarries, has not yet been settled. This flint, continues Colonel Whittlesey, is of a grayish white color, with cavities of brilliant quartz crystals. It appears the stones were sorted and partially chipped into shape, on the ground, after which they were carried great distances over the country as an article of traffic. Many acres of ground are now covered with flint chips, the result of this trimming process. The business of manufacturing arrow-points, scrapers, knives, spears, axes, wedges and other implements, was doubtless a trade among the Mound Builders, as the making of some of them, at least, is known to have been among the Indians. In deed, that branch of manufactures' (the making of flint knives. spears and arrow-points), is now flourishing among the Digger Indians of California, who in their mental and moral development fairly represent the diluvial cave-dwellers. There is a strong probability that all the pointed and sharp-edged articles made of flint were, after being wrought into their general form, brought to completion and given their sharp point or edge, by violent pressure, that is, by the use of the thumb stones. Col. Whittlesey, than whom there is no higher authority on this point, thinks that flint knives, spears, and arrow-points were made and used more extensively by the Red men than by the Mound Builders, for the reason that the latter, being agriculturists and probably a pastoral people, had less frequent occa sion to use them than the former, who were more given to the chase and to war. Roth, however, undoubtedly used them more or less as hunters and in their amusements. The late Colonel J. V. Foster, an eminent scientist, and distinguished as the learned author of " Pre-Historic Races of the United States," says that the deposit on the Flint ridge is in the form of a chert, often approaching to chalcedony and jasper in external characters, and that it afforded an admirable material for arrow heads. From the abundance of flint chip- pings he thought this locality was evidcntly^much resorted to and its deposits extensively wrought into various implements, and largely utilized by both the Mound Builders and Indians. These were his conclusions after tolerably thorough explorations of the ridge more than forty years ago, while a member of the first geological corps of Ohio. ' Here the ancient arrow-maker Made his arrowheads of quartz rock— Arrowheads of chalcedony, Arrow-heads of chert and jasper — Smoothed and sharpened at the edges, Hard and polished, keen and costly.' 'Dr. Hildreth, in his report submitted to the legislature of Ohio, in 1838, says, 'that from a remote period the Flint ridge, which he had just had under examination, had furnished a valuable material to the aboriginal inhabitants for the manufacture of knives, spears and arrowheads. How extensively it had been worked for these purposes may be imagined from the almost countless numbers of excavations and pits yet remaining from whence they dug the quartz ; experience having taught them that the rock recently dug from the earth could be split with much greater facility than that which had been exposed to the weather. " The American Antiquarian Society of Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1818, accented for publication, an elaborate paper from Caleb Atwater, esq., of Ohio, descriptive of western antiquities, in which a page was devoted to the Flint ridge. He made mention of its hundreds of pits, or 'wells,' some of which being then (sixty-two years ago), more than twenty feet deep, giving the opinion that they were manifestly not dug, whether by the Mound Builders or Indians, or both, to procure water, either fresh or salt, nor in pursuit of the precious metals, but to secure a softer and more workable quartz, or flint, than was present on the surface, for manufacture into spearheads, knives, and arrow-points. And on that point there is now but Little difference of opinion. It may be observed that the excavations above mentioned date back to a period anterior to the time of the first settlement of the country by the white race. "Professor Read, on page 354, of the third volume of the .Geology of Ohio,' observes that 'any one traversing the Flint ridge for the first time, would be surprised to find such a deposit on such a geological horizon. It simulates very accurately the broken-up debris of a vertical dike, the fragments often covered with perfect crystals of quartz, the rock itself being highly crystalline and often translucent. It is something of a puzzle, " he continues, * to understand how such a deposit is found in a series of undisturbed and unmodified sedimentary rocks. The adjacent surfaces of two blocks of the chert are often found covered with quartz crystals of considerable size, as thoroughly interlocking with each other as if one were the cast and the other the mould.' The learned professor seems to be at a loss to imagine conditions which would spread such a       deposit over the floor of a sea or any other body of water, but inclines to the opinion that a substitution of silicious matter deposited from solution, in the place of a soluble limestone previously deposited, is the most plausible view of the case. "Heaps or piles of flint chippings, composed of unworkable or broken pieces, and of imperfect, half-finished and spoiled implements, found in various localities remote from Flint ridge, and not in the vicinity of any known deposit of that material, but exactly corresponding in quality with that on the ridge, raises the presumption that considerable of the flint quarried there was carried away and manufactured elsewhere. Much of it, however, as the quantity of chips around the quarries indicate, was doubtless put into shape there. "Mr. Anderson, of whom I have already made mention, several years ago, explored and further excavated quite a number of the pits or "wells" on the ridge, and reported finding some stone axes, flint disks, and some balls, apparently well- worn, made of greenstone. More careful, thorough and extensive exploration of the pits or "wells" of the Flint ridge would undoubtedly result in giving us much more information than we now possess, as to the character of implements used, and the modes of mining practiced there, by the earlier races, whoever they were, and whenever they made these excavations on the ridge. "Some modern excavations have 'been made on Flint ridge, by individuals and associations, to find out what the ancient diggers were after, and some of them also prospected for lead, silver and gold, but without valuable results.
    "Considered physically, intellectually and morally, the Mound Builders probably held an intermediate position between the Caucasians and the most civilized portion of Mongolians above them, and the uncivilized inhabitants of the interior Of the Malay peninsula below them. "The Mound Builders were undoubtedly a numerous people and if numerous of necessity an agricultural people; a people uf some mechanical skill, a people who had probably estab lished a strong government by which they were readily held in subjection; a people of some mathematical and engineering knowledge, a superstitious people given to sun worship, and to the offering of animal and sometimes of human sacrifices- Reasons can be given for each of the above expressed opin" ions, but I will not occupy space for that purpose; moreover, those reasons will naturally suggest themselves to every one who has carefully examined the subject. For a more elaborate presentation of matters twrtaining to this ancient race, see 'Ohio Statistics for 1877,